گزارش کارآموزی ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺳﺮوﯾﺲ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ISP

گزارش کارآموزی رشته های کامپیوتر و فناوری اطلاعات

ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ:........................................................................................................................................ 11

ﻓﺼﻞ اول ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﮑﺎن ﮐﺎرآﻣﻮزي...................................................................................................... 12

1 -1: ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺎرآﻣﻮزي................................................................................................ 13

1-2 : آدرس :.............................................................................................................................. 13

1 -3:ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺷﺮﮐﺖ:...................................................................................................................... 14

1-4 : ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ :........................................................................................ 15

ﻓﺼﻞ دوم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺎرآﻣﻮزي................................................................................... 17

ﺑﺨﺶ اول ISP Internet Servise Provide""................................................................................... 18

2 -1 : ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﭽﻪ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ..................................................................................................... 19

2 -2: ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﭽﻪ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ در اﯾﺮان........................................................................................................ 23

2-3 :  ISP چیست؟...................................................................................................................... 24

2 -4 : ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﮏ ISP ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد؟........................................................................................... 26

2 -5 : ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﯾﮏ ISP ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟....................................................................................................... 27

2-5-1 اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل : ( Internet Connection )...................................................................... 27

2-5-1-1 ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﻠﻔﻦ یا Dial Up : :.............................................................................................. 27

2-5-1-2 ﺧﻄﻮط اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﯾﺎ DSL  :................................................................................ 27

2-5-1-3 اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﯽﺳﯿﻢ (Wireless ) :............................................................................................ 28

2-5-1-4 ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﯾﺎ Satellite)):.................................................................................................. 28

2-5-1-5 ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﻧﻮري ﯾﺎ Fiber Optic :........................................................................................... 28

2-5-1-6 ﺧﻄﻮط اﺟﺎره اي ﯾﺎ LINE LEASE :............................................................................... 29

2-5-2 : ﺛﺒﺖ داﻣﻨﻪ ( Domain Registration ):............................................................................... 29

2 -5-2 -1 : ﻧﺤﻮه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺎم ﺳﺎﯾﺖ و ﻧﻮع داﻣﻨﻪ:................................................................................. 29

2 -5-2 -2: ﻧﺤﻮه ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬاري ﺳﺎﯾﺖ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻫﺎي آن:......................................................................... 30

2-5-2-3 : ﻧﺤﻮه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ :..................................................................................................... 31

2-5 -3 : ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎﻧﯽ ( Hosting ):.................................................................................................... 33

2 -5-3 -1 : ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﯾﮏ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن وب ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭼﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ؟...................................... 34

2-5 -4 : ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ وب ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ( Web Design ):................................................................................ 35

2 -6 : ﻧﺤﻮه ﮐﺎر ﯾﮏ ISP ﺑﺮاي اراﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎتDial Up........................................................................... 36

2 -6 -1 : ﺳﺨﺖاﻓﺰار :................................................................................................................. 36

2 -6 -2 : ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ :................................................................................................................ 39

2-6 -2 -1 : ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري ( Accounting):...................................................................... 40

2-6 -2 -2 : ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎزي ( Caching):......................................................................... 40

2 -7 : اﻧﻮاع اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﯾﮏ ISP......................................................................................................... 42

2 -7-1: اﺗﺼﺎل Shell :............................................................................................................... 42

2-7 -2 : اﺗﺼﺎل  PPP:............................................................................................................... 42

2-8 : درون ﯾﮏ ISP ﭼﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬرد؟.................................................................................................. 43

2 -9: ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﺟﺰاي ﯾﮏ ISP.......................................................................................................... 46

2-9 -1 : روﺗﺮ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﯾﺎب :........................................................................................................ 46

2-9 -2 : ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯽ ﺳﺮور:.............................................................................................................. 46

2 -10 : ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﻨﯽ ﯾﮏ ISP............................................................................................................ 48

2 -11 : ﺣﺴﺎب داري ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان (Accounting / Billing)...................................................................... 50

2-11-1 : ایجاد Username و Password...................................................................................... 50

2 -11 -2 : ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ User در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ؟................................................................ 51

2 -11 -3 : زﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف ﯾﮏ Account ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ؟.......................................................... 51

2 -12 : ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ISP ﺷﺪ؟................................................................................... 52

2 - 12 -1 : ﯾﮏ ISP ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ؟.................................................................................... 52

2 - 12 -2 : ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﭼﯿﺰﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ISP ﺷﺪن ﻧﯿﺎز دارﯾﺪ؟................................................................. 53

2 - 12 -3 : اﺟﺰاء و ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﯾﮏISP............................................................................................ 53

2 -13 : ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﮏISP ﺧﻮب را ﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﻨﯿﻢ؟...................................................................................... 56

2 -14 : ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎط اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ(ICP)........................................................................... 58

2 -15 : ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ICP ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ISP ﻫﺎ............................................................................................... 59

2 -16 : ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺻﺪور ﻣﺠﻮز ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎط اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ.......................................................... 60

2 -16-1 : ﻣﻘﺮرات :................................................................................................................... 60

2 -16-2 : ﻣﺪت ﻣﺠﻮز:................................................................................................................ 61

2 -16-3: ﺗﻌﻬﺪات و ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اراﺋﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮات اﯾﺮان:...................................................... 61

2-16-3-1 : ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت.................................................................................................................. 62

2-16-3-2 : ﺗﻌﻬﺪات.................................................................................................................... 62

2 -16-4 : ﺳﻬﻢ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮات اﯾﺮان :............................................................................................ 62

2 -16-5 : ﺳﻬﻢ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮات اﯾﺮان :............................................................................................ 63

2-16-6 : ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺣﻞ اﺧﺘﻼف :....................................................................................................... 63

2 -16-7 : ﻟﻐﻮ ﺣﻖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري:..................................................................................................... 63

ﺑﺨﺶ دوم ADSL « Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line »......................................................... 64

2-17 ADSL : ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟................................................................................................................. 65

2 -17 -1: ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﻧﻮاع  DSLﻫﺎ :................................................................................................. 65

2 -17 -1-1 (Asymmetric DSL ) ADSL :............................................................................... 65

2 -17-1-2 : (Consumer Digital Subscriber Line ) CDSL :..................................................... 66

2 -17-1-3 : (High bit-rate DSL) HDSL :.............................................................................. 66

2 -17-1-4 :  (ISDN DSL) ISDL:........................................................................................... 66

2 -17-1-5 : (Multirate Symmetric DSL) MSDSL:................................................................ 66

2 -17-1-6 : (Rate Adaptive) RADSL:.................................................................................. 67

2 -17-1-7 : (Symmetric DSL) SDLS:................................................................................... 67

2 -17-1-8 :  UDSL:............................................................................................................... 67

2 -17-1-9 :  (Very high bit-rate) VDSL:............................................................................... 67

2 -17-1-10 :  (Voice-over DSL) VoDSL:............................................................................. 67

2-18 ADSL  ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ؟................................................................................................. 68

2 -19 : ﺑﺮاي راه اﻧﺪازي ADSL ﭼﻪ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎﺗﯽ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ؟..................................................................... 70

بخش سوم Wireless..................................................................................................................... 71

2-20 :  Wireless ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟............................................................................................................. 72

2 -20 -1 : ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ Wireless ﺛﺎﺑﺖ :................................................................................................ 72

2 -20 - 2: ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ Wireless ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ:........................................................................................... 72

2 -20 -3 : ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ Wireless ﻣﺎدون ﻗﺮﻣﺰ:....................................................................................... 72

2 -21 : اﻧﻮاع ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﯽ ﺳﯿﻢ..................................................................................................... 74

2 –21-1 : (Wireess personal Area Networks) WPANS........................................................ 74

2 –21-2 : (Wireless Local Area Network) WLANS............................................................. 74

2 –21-3 : (Wireless MANS) WMANS................................................................................. 74

2 –21-4 : (Wireless WANS) WWANS................................................................................. 74

فصل سوم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺎرآﻣﻮزي اﻧﺠﺎم دادم.......................................................................... 75

3 -1 : آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ راه اﻧﺪازي ﺷﺒﮑﻪ............................................................ 77

3 -1-1 : (Modulator/Demodulator)....................................................................................... 77

3 - 1-1 -1 : ﻣﻮدم ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟............................................................................................................ 77

3 - 1-1 -2 : اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻮدم :............................................................................................................. 77

3 - 1-1 -3 : ﻣﻮدم ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ؟............................................................................................ 79

3-1-2 : کابل هاي UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair) (.................................................................. 80

3-1-2-1 : ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ های کابل UTP............................................................................................... 80

3 -1-2 -2 : ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ (ﺳﻮﮐﺖ زدن و رﻧﮓ ﺑﻨﺪي) :.................................................................. 82

3-1-3 : HUB......................................................................................................................... 86

3-1 -4: Switch....................................................................................................................... 88

3 - 1-4 -1: ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي Switch :.......................................................................... 89

3-2 -1 : ﻧﺤﻮه ip دادن ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ:.................................................................................................... 92

3-2 -2 : روش ﻧﺼﺐ و راه اﻧﺪازي آﻧﺘﻦ واﯾﺮﻟﺲ:................................................................................ 94

3 -3: روش ﻧﺼﺐ و راه اﻧﺪازي اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖADSL....................................................................... 97

3-3 -1 : روش ﻧﺼﺐ و راه اﻧﺪازي ﻣﻮدم:....................................................................................... 100

3 -3-1 -1 : ﭼﺮاغ ﻫﺎي روي ﻣﻮدم ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟........................................................................... 100

3 -3-1 -2: ﻧﺤﻮه دادن ip ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرت ﺷﺒﮑﻪ :...................................................................................... 101

3 -3-1 -3 : ﻧﺤﻮه Config  ﮐﺮدن ﻣﻮدم:........................................................................................ 102

3-3 -2 : ﻧﺤﻮه اﯾﺠﺎد Connection از ﻧﻮع Broadband.................................................................. 102

ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدات........................................................................................................ 108

ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ........................................................................................................................................ 110

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